Cabbage is one of the easiest cruciferous vegetables to grow and one of the most versatile in the kitchen. A single healthy plant can produce 1–3 kg (2–6 lbs) of dense, crisp heads. Whether you're growing green, red, or savoy cabbage, this guide covers everything you need from planting to harvest.
Cabbage Quick Facts
| Factor | Details |
|---|---|
| Difficulty | Easy |
| Days to harvest | 60–100 days from transplant |
| Sunlight | 6 hours minimum full sun |
| Soil pH | 6.0–7.5 |
| Spacing | 45–60 cm (18–24 in) apart |
| Ideal temperature | 16–21°C (60–70°F) |
When to Plant Cabbage
Cabbage is a cool-season crop that grows best in spring and fall. In hot climates, it prefers the cooler seasons. In tropical regions, grow it during the dry season.
| Region | Spring Planting | Fall Planting |
|---|---|---|
| Northern Hemisphere (temperate) | February–March | June–July |
| Southern Hemisphere (temperate) | August–September | December–January |
| Tropical climates | October–November | March–April |
| Hot arid climates | November–December | July–August |
Tip: Start seeds indoors 4–6 weeks before transplanting for faster growth, or sow directly in the garden 2 weeks before the last frost.
How to Plant Cabbage: Step by Step
- Prepare the soil. Cabbage loves rich, well-draining soil with plenty of organic matter. Add compost or aged manure before planting.
- Space correctly. Space plants 45–60 cm apart. Overcrowding leads to smaller heads and disease.
- Plant at correct depth. Bury the seedling to the lowest leaves. Roots will develop along the buried stem.
- Water thoroughly. Keep soil consistently moist (not waterlogged) for the first 2–3 weeks.
- Add mulch. A 5 cm layer of mulch keeps soil cool and retains moisture.
Cabbage Care
- Watering: Deeply and consistently, 2–3 times weekly. Dry spells cause splitting and bitter taste.
- Feeding: Balanced fertilizer at planting, then feed with nitrogen-rich fertilizer every 3 weeks (cabbage is a heavy feeder).
- Pest management: Cabbage worms and loopers are common. Use row covers early, or hand-pick caterpillars. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is an organic option.
- Disease prevention: Powdery mildew and clubroot can affect cabbage. Improve airflow, rotate crops, and avoid overwatering leaves.
When to Harvest Cabbage
Harvest when the head feels firm and solid when squeezed. Most heads are ready 60–100 days after transplanting. Cut the head at the base with a sharp knife, leaving the outer leaves attached. Harvest in the morning for crispest results.
Tip: You can leave the stem and roots; secondary heads may regrow for a second, smaller harvest.
Nutritional Benefits of Cabbage
Cabbage is incredibly nutritious—rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, fiber, and antioxidants. Red cabbage has even more antioxidants than green varieties. It's also low in calories and high in essential minerals like potassium and manganese.
Common Cabbage Problems
| Problem | Cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Yellow, wilting leaves | Clubroot fungus | Rotate crops; improve drainage; remove infected plants |
| Holes in leaves | Cabbage worms/loopers | Hand-pick; use Bt spray or row covers |
| Small, loose heads | Overcrowding or nutrient deficiency | Space correctly; feed with nitrogen fertilizer |
| Split heads | Inconsistent watering after rain | Water evenly; mulch to regulate moisture |
| Powdery white coating | Powdery mildew fungus | Improve airflow; reduce leaf wetness; spray with sulfur |
Cabbage Varieties Worth Growing
- Green cabbage: Classic, stores well, slightly sweet
- Red cabbage: Higher antioxidants, stunning color, good for pickling
- Savoy cabbage: Crinkled leaves, tender, great for cooking
- Napa cabbage: Mild flavor, popular in Asian cuisine
- Bok choy: Leafy cabbage relative, fast-growing, great for stir-fries
FAQ
How long do cabbage plants take to grow? 60–100 days from transplant depending on variety. Some mini varieties mature in 45–50 days.
Can I grow cabbage in containers? Yes, in a container at least 12 liters (3 gallons) with drainage holes. Mini varieties work best.
Why are my cabbage heads loose instead of firm? Loose heads result from overcrowding, inconsistent watering, or too much nitrogen fertilizer. Ensure proper spacing and balanced feeding.
Do cabbages need full sun? Yes, at least 6 hours daily. Less sun results in smaller, looser heads and slower growth.
Can I save cabbage seeds? Yes, but cabbages are biennials and need two seasons to produce seeds. This is impractical for home gardeners; buy seeds instead.
Related Growing Guides
Ready to grow your own cabbage? Check our interactive crop calendar to find the perfect planting window for your region.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long do cabbage plants take to grow? +
60–100 days from transplant depending on variety. Some mini varieties mature in 45–50 days.
Can I grow cabbage in containers? +
Yes, in a container at least 12 liters (3 gallons) with drainage holes. Mini varieties work best.
Why are my cabbage heads loose instead of firm? +
Loose heads result from overcrowding, inconsistent watering, or too much nitrogen fertilizer. Ensure proper spacing and balanced feeding.
Do cabbages need full sun? +
Yes, at least 6 hours daily. Less sun results in smaller, looser heads and slower growth.
Can I save cabbage seeds? +
Yes, but cabbages are biennials and need two seasons to produce seeds. This is impractical for home gardeners; buy seeds instead.