Fall planting extends the growing season 4–8 weeks past first frost, using hardy vegetables and season-extension techniques.
Cold-Hardy Crops
| Crop | Hardiness | Harvest |
|---|---|---|
| Kale | -10°C | Nov–Feb |
| Spinach | -8°C | Oct–Jan |
| Carrots | -5°C (in ground) | Oct–Dec |
| Beets | -5°C | Oct–Jan |
| Cabbage | -8°C | Oct–Dec |
| Lettuce | -2°C | Sept–Nov |
Season Extension Techniques
- Row covers: Frost cloth (20–50 gsm) adds 2–4°C protection
- Cold frame: Mini greenhouse; adds 5–10°C at night
- Low tunnel: Plastic sheeting over hoops; 8–12°C protection
- Mulch: 15–20 cm straw layer prevents freezing in cold frames
Fall Planting Calendar
| Timing | Crop | Harvest |
|---|---|---|
| 8–10 weeks before frost | Cabbage, broccoli (transplant) | Oct–Dec |
| 6–8 weeks before frost | Kale, spinach (direct seed) | Nov–Feb |
| 4–6 weeks before frost | Lettuce, greens (direct seed) | Sept–Oct |
| 2–3 weeks after frost | Garlic (cloves) | June next year |
Farmer Economics
Off-season production: Winter vegetables sell at 2–3x fall prices (supply scarce)
Example: 1-hectare kale
- Fall harvest (Sept–Oct): 20 t at 30–40 PKR/kg = 600–800k PKR
- Winter harvest (Nov–Feb): 5 t at 80–120 PKR/kg = 400–600k PKR
- Total: 1.0–1.4M PKR (vs. 600–800k fall-only)
Related Guides
Plan fall/winter crops using our crop calendar.
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